Friday, February 29, 2008

Find out your ' IP address '

You know that every network connection has its own IP address. But, do you know how to find that address? NO..? well, just follow the simple instructions below..

1) Go to Start and then go to Run

2) Type ' cmd '

3) In the opening command prompt, type ' ipconfig ' - This result will provide a little bit of details of the connection, including the IP address.

Is the above information regarding the connection insufficient? If so, just type ' ipconfig/all ' in the command prompt and it will provide you with much more information.

Try it..

You may also be interested in...

- How to make a file to AUTORUN when the CD is inserted

- Check whether your Antivirus works well...using a Fake Virus

Tuesday, February 19, 2008

Microprocessors or Microcontrollers... We are alike.... but not the same.

PIC10F is one of the world's smallest microcontrollers


  • Generally microprocessors and microcontrollers differ in a number of ways, mainly in its functionality. Because microcontrollers can control a number of processes and devices independently whereas microprocessors need integration of additional peripherals with it.










  • This is the basic structure of a microprocessor. In order to carryout the functions, this needs to be integrated with other hardware components.









  • Microprocessors are regarded as the heart of the system/computer. On order to act in such a way it needs RAM, ROM, registers, I/O devices; as said before it needs integration of other hardware. But in a microcontroller chip, it’s a whole different story. They have all the above components embedded inside; more generally it is defined as a device that includes a memory, & input / output devices and also a microprocessor, lined on a single chip. In modern microcontrollers, they contain Serial I/O, Timers, and Analogue to Digital Converters. Actually it’s more like a little computer inside a little chip.















This is a microcontroller chip; identify the microprocesser, integrated onto the microcontrolle surface.




  • In simple terms a microprocessor is actually a ‘processor’. It is the ‘central processing unit’ of the computer as everyone knows. But a microcontroller is actually a ‘controller’ of a system; When we enter a certain user-defined task or a program into the microcontroller, it simply loads it into the memory, and runs/executes it.

  • In addition, microcontrollers are cheaper

  • Microprocessors -> General Purpose Machine
    Microcontrollers -> Embedded Systems










Microcontrollers are mainly used in embedded Systems.

So.. these are the main differences between microcontrollers and microprocessors.

Thanx.!

Monday, February 18, 2008

This is how NOKIA phones are made..



A factory where nokia phones are made. Currently there are 9 such factories around the world.
Well...Find out how your NOKIA phone is developed


Step 1 - All the electronic components in a phone, like memory chips, microprocessors, resistors, capacitors etc.. are produced by outside suppliers in mass scale. Then those are delivered to the factory, attached on reels of tape protected in circular plastic cases.


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Step 2 - A circuit board which has a latticework of basic circuits, is inserted into a “paste printing machine”, which applies a patterned layer of solder paste on the surface—printing of circuit board.

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Step 3 - The reels of tape containing electronic components are fed in to automated "pick-and-place machines” where those components are removed from the reel and pasted on correct places in the printed circuit board.

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Step 4 - Printed circuit boards travel through a series of pick-and-place machines and after reaching the end, printed boards are inserted into an oven where they are melted causing the added components to attach firmly to the circuit board.


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Step 5 - Circuit boards are loaded onto ‘tracks’ automatically. There, first quality test takes place and then basic software is installed into programmable components.

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Step 6 - Circuit board are taken off from the tracks, by a specially designed robotic arm and are placed in a bay where low-level settings such as power settings are configured in electronic components. After this, a series of electronic tests are carried out in order to ensure, whether the circuit board is perfect, all the parts work, and that they have been correctly installed.

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Step 7 - From this point forward, development is mainly performed using human hands/manually. Mainly, removal of some components, like expensive and fragile liquid-crystal display screens, from the reel and pasting them on a circuit board is done manually.

This picture shows a worker adding a digital camera module/component, which has been removed from a reel using tweezers, onto an assembled, tested, printed circuit board.


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Step 8 - Completed circuit boards are sandwiched between front and back structural frames and then phone’s outer cover is applied.

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Step 9 - Here, turning the phone into a usable model is done. This includes installation of set of menus, features and setting up of the start-up screen for each different phone type.

In addition, a serial number called ‘IMEI code’ which uniquely identifies the phone given.
At the end of this stage, the phone and installed software undergo a battery of diagnostic tests.



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Step 10 - All the phones undergo a final inspection by human eye. Phones that pass the inspection/test are de-ionized to remove any electrical charge and dust from the surface.

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Step 11 - Phones are packed into retail boxes by hand, with appropriate documentation and accessories. Then these are logged into a tracking system using a bar-code reader.

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Step 12 - Finally brand-new phones are packed into boxes.

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Step 13 - Containers carrying boxes of phones are transported and distributed throughout the world.


On the way to your hand.....

Sunday, February 17, 2008

How to make a file to AUTORUN when the CD is inserted

This can be done easily by including an .inf file along with your interested folders when burning the CD. You can use the Notepad for this.

First open up the Notepad. Then type the following,

[autorun]
OPEN = filename.exe


filename’ is the name of the file that you want to autorun. But remember this file should be an .exe (executable) file or in other words, this should be an application file. If the file that needs to autorun is located inside another folder, you should give the correct path of the file.
ex:- OPEN = foldername / filename.exe

Then save the notepad ; name it as AUTORUN.inf

When burning the CD include the above file(AUTORUN.inf) along with the other files or/and folders.


You may also be interested in...
> Check whether your Antivirus works well...using a Fake Virus

> Find out your ' IP address '

Windows CardSpace

Windows CardSpace is a Microsoft.NET Framework version 3.0 software client that is designed to let users provide their digital identity to online services in a simple, secure and trusted way. CardSpace is an implementation of an identity selector on Microsoft Windows. It pops up when a user needs to authenticate themselves to a website or a web service. CardSpace was formally called Infocard. It’s widely expected that CardSpace will replace MSN Passport.




Check whether your Antivirus works well...using a Fake Virus

You can check whether your anti-virus software works fine by using a ‘fake virus’. This virus is not a real one. Therefore it cannot harm your computer. This testing is called eicar test.

First open up your Notepad or any text editor. Then carefully type the code below; this should be in single line. ok.

X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*

Then save the file. The file name should be “eicar.com”. Give the file type as “All Files”.

Result: If the existing anti-virus program in your computer works correctly and accordingly to the standards, it should trigger a warning alert at the very first moment when the fake virus is saved..!

(This test can be used only on the virus guards produced under the regulations of “European Institute of Computer Antivirus Research (EICAR)”. Most of the virus guards are produced under this regulation)

Try and check…

Six Human Types Resulted by Mobile Phones

Check this out. These are the six human types resuted when people were categorized according to their interaction with mobile phones. which type do you belong to..?

Generation Mobile- (These are regular/normal phone users)
These are students or fresh employees in between 18-24 years of age.

Phonetics- (People who uses their phones as a tool to ‘highlight’ themselves)
These are the singles in between 18-34 years of age.

Practical Parents- (People who consider about the needs of the mobile phone)
These are bit mature, married people under 34 years of age having children and cares about income.

Fingers and Thumbs-(People having no specific task with their mobile phones)
Married, middle aged people or elders who live with their grand children.

Smart Connected- (People who works actively by using phones)
People in between 25-44 years of ages and having no money problems either. These people, manage their day-to-day tasks smartly with the help of their mobile phones.

Silver Cynics- (People in middle class and in middle age)
Parents having smart jobs and in the ages near to the retirement, also with no money problems falls in to this category.



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